tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-77230309611431762622024-02-20T04:49:04.123-08:00Mayang Azka TMMayang Azkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05348747139827237483noreply@blogger.comBlogger58125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723030961143176262.post-32657213454243995092011-12-22T22:10:00.000-08:002011-12-22T22:10:44.648-08:00KUIS 10<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
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<span>1.jelaskan
apa yang dimaksud international strategic manajemen dan tahapnya?<br />
proses perencanaan manajemen yang dilakukan untuk merumuskan strategi
perusahaan yang memungkinkan perusahaan untuk bersaing<br />
<br />
2. Empat pilihan strategi?</span></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal"><span>home replication strategi</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span>globalization strategi</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span>transnasional strategi</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span>multidomestic strategi</span></li>
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<span>3.
enam cara pembayaran sistem international?</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span>·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Documentary Collection</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span>·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Credit card</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span>·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Open account</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span>·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Payment in advance</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span>·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Counter trade</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span>4.Tahap
pembayaran LC<br />
<br />
</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">sales contract specific payment</span><span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">importir applies to a local bank</span><span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">importir bank informs exporter bank with
LC has been issue</span><span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">exporter bank advices confirm LC</span><span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">exporters ship goods</span><span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">document sent for review</span><span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">exporter sent documen to bank</span><span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">bank sent document to importir</span><span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">amount due is paid for bannk</span><span></span></li>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"> 5. jelaskan pengertian
standarization dan costumize?<br />
<br />
6.seluruh bauran marketing yang berhubungan dengan keputusan strategi?<br />
<br />
produk ; features, variety, waranty, allowance, packaging, service, quality,<br />
price ; return, allowance, discount, credit term, payment period<br />
place ; channel, location, coverage, assortment, inventory<br />
promotion ; advertising, direct marketing, publict relation, personel selling,
sales promotion<br />
<br />
<br />
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">7. Proses HRD</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
HRM’s Strategic Content</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
Recruitment and Selection</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
Training and Development</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
Performance Appraisal</div>
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Compensation and Benefits</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
Labor Relations</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">8.Tahapan aculturasi</span></div>
<ul style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">honeymoon phase</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">disilusion phase</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">adapptive phase</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">bikulturalism</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br />
9. Keputusan yang berperan dalam proses operasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
The International Operations Management
Process<span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-indent: -0.25in;">
Strategic Context</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-indent: -0.25in;">
Differentiation</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-indent: -0.25in;">
Cost leadership</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-indent: -0.25in;">
Focus</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
Standardized vs. Customized Production</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-indent: -0.25in;">
Acquisition of Resources</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-indent: -0.25in;">
Supply Chain </div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-indent: -0.25in;">
Management</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-indent: -0.25in;">
Vertical Integration</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-indent: -0.25in;">
Make-or-buy decision</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-indent: -0.25in;">
Location Decisions </div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-indent: -0.25in;">
Country-related issues</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-indent: -0.25in;">
Product-related issues</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-indent: -0.25in;">
Government policies</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-indent: -0.25in;">
Organizational issues</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-indent: -0.25in;">
Logistics and Materials
Management</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-indent: -0.25in;">
Flow of materials</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-indent: -0.25in;">
Transportation options</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-indent: -0.25in;">
Inventory levels</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-indent: -0.25in;">
110. 5 cara memasuki pasar internasional</div>
<ul>
<li>ekspor</li>
<li> franchising</li>
<li>lisensi</li>
<li>specialicasy mode</li>
<li>FDI</li>
</ul>
11. Tipe aliansi<br />
<ul>
<li>Komperhensif</li>
<li>Fungsional</li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-indent: -0.25in;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-indent: -0.25in;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-indent: -0.25in;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<br /></div>Mayang Azkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05348747139827237483noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723030961143176262.post-6300557128033161542011-12-22T21:32:00.000-08:002011-12-22T21:32:17.325-08:00KUIS 9<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
1. apa yang dimaksud manajemen keuangan ?<br />
kegiatan yang dilakukan perusahaan dalam upaya meningkatkan nilai perusahaan melalui fungsi dividen<br />
finance dan obligasi dalam skala international<br />
<br />
2. Jelaskan langkah langkah transaksi LC?<br />
</div>
<ol style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<li>sales contract specific payment</li>
<li>importir applies to a local bank</li>
<li>importir bank informs exporter bank with LC has been issue</li>
<li>exporter bank advices confirm LC</li>
<li>exporters ship goods</li>
<li>document sent for review</li>
<li>exporter sent documen to bank</li>
<li>bank sent document to importir</li>
<li>amount due is paid for bank</li>
</ol>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
3. jelaskan tahap international HRM</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" />
<ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<li>strategi contex</li>
<li>recruitment and selection</li>
<li>training and development</li>
<li>performance appraisal</li>
<li>compensation benefit</li>
<li>labor relation</li>
<li>contribution to organization effectiveries</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
4. sebutkan empat fase akulturasi</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" />
<ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<li>honeymoon phase</li>
<li>disilusion phase</li>
<li>adapptation phase</li>
<li>diskulturalsm</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
5.jelaskan international marketing dan bauran pemasaran</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
kegiatan kegiatan untuk memasarkan produk dalam skalainternational</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
keputusan ; </span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
produk ; brand image, size, quality, service, packaging, features, return, allowance.</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
place ; channel, location, inventory, transport, coverage, assortment.</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
price ; disc, allowance, pricelist, payment period, credit term.</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
promotion ; personal selling, sales promotion, direct marketing, publik relation, advertising</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" />
<br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
6.jelaskan apa yang dimaksud dengan aliansi strategi?</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
hubungan formal antara 2 atau lebih kelompok untuk mencapai satu tujuan yang disepakati bersama.</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" />
<br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
7. -exporting</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
-international licencing</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" />
<br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
8.strategi dalam manajemen international</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" />Mayang Azkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05348747139827237483noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723030961143176262.post-72310205209283974392011-12-22T07:07:00.000-08:002011-12-22T07:07:48.954-08:00Resume BAB 12,13,16,17,18,& 20<div style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">BAB 12</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Strategies for Analyzing and Entering Foreign Markets</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>1.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Foreign
Market Analysis</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Assess alternative markets</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Evaluate the respective costs, benefits, and
risks of entering each</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Select those that hold the most potential for
entry or expansion</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>2.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Factors
in Assessing New Market Opportunities</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Product-market dimensions</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Major product-market differences</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Structural characteristics of the national
product market</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Competitor analysis</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Potential target markets</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Relevant trends</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Explanation of change</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Success factors</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Strategic options</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>3.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Choosing
a Mode of Entry</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Decision Factors:</span></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ownership
advantages</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Location
advantages</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Internalization
advantages</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Other
factors</span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="square">
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Need for control</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Resource availability</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Global strategy</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">BAB 13</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">International Strategic Alliances</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>1.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Benefits
of Strategic Alliances</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><img height="248" src="file:///C:/Users/mayang/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.gif" width="537" /></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>2.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Scope
of Strategic Alliances</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Significant variation</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>–<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Comprehensive alliance</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>–<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Narrowly defined alliance</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Degree of collaboration depends upon basic
goals of each partner</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>3.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Type
of Alliances</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Comprehensive</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Functional</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>–<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Production</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>–<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Marketing</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>–<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Financial</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>–<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Research and Development</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>4.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Implementation
of Strategic Alliances</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Selection of partners</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Compatibility</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Nature of potential partner’s products or
services</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Relative safeness of the alliance Learning
potential of the allian</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>5.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Form
of Ownership</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Corporation</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Limited partnership</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Public-private venture</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>6.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Joint
Management Considerations</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Shared management agreements</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Assigned arrangements</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Delegated arrangements</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
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<span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b>BAB</b><b> 16</b></div>
<div align="center" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b>International
Marketing</b></div>
<div align="center" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span> </span><span style="color: black;">Manajemen
Pemasaran</span></b><span style="color: black;"> adalah salah satu
kegiatan-kegiatan pokok yang dilakukan oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perusahaan" title="Perusahaan"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">perusahaan</span></a> untuk mempertahankan kelangsungan perusahaannya,
untuk berkembang, dan untuk mendapatkan laba. Proses <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemasaran" title="Pemasaran"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">pemasaran</span></a> itu dimulai jauh sejak sebelum barang-barang di<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produksi" title="Produksi"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">produksi</span></a>, dan tidak berakhir dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penjualan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Penjualan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">penjualan</span></a>. Kegiatan
pemasaran perusahaan harus juga memberikan kepuasan kepada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsumen" title="Konsumen"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">konsumen</span></a> jika menginginkan usahanya berjalan terus, atau
konsumen mempunyai pandangan yang lebih baik terhadap perusahaan (Dharmmesta
& Handoko, 1982</span>).</div>
<div style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
Secara definisi, <b>Manajemen Pemasaran</b> adalah <i>penganalisaan,
perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan pengawasan program-program yang bertujuan
menimbulkan pertukaran dengan pasar yang dituju dengan maksud untuk mencapai
tujuan perusahaan</i> (Kotler, 1980).</div>
<div style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
Perusahaan yang sudah mulai mengenal bahwa pemasaran merupakan
faktor penting untuk mencapai sukses usahanya, akan mengetahui adanya cara dan
falsafah baru yang terlibat di dalamnya. Cara dan falsafah baru ini disebut
"Konsep Pemasaran".</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Konsep marketing mix merupakan salah satu konsep dalam pemasaran modern
pada saat sekarang ini. Dimana konsep tersebut adalah salah satu kegiatan
pemasaran yang sangat menentukan keberhasilan perusahaan dalam mengejar
maksimum profit.<br />
Dalam hal ini Swastha (1985 : 94) memberikan pengertian marketing mix adalah
empat variabel atau kegiatan yang merupakan inti dari sistem pemasaran
perusahaan yaitu produk, struktur harga, kegiatan promosi dan sistem
distribusi. Selanjutnya Kotler (1985 : 45-48) mengemukakan bahwa marketing mix
dapat dibagi menjadi 4 P sebagai berikut :<br />
1.Product(Produk)<br />
2.Price(Harga)<br />
3.Place(distribusi/tempat)<br />
2.Promotion(promosi)<br />
Keempat produk di atas merupakan penentu dalam menganalisa pasar secara
keseluruhan, selanjutnya penulis akan menguraikan keempat komponen di atas
sebagai berikut :<br />
1.Product(produk)<br />
Produk adalah sesuatu yang dapat ditawarkan pada suatu pasar guna mendapatkan
perhatian untuk dimiliki, digunakan, dikonsumsi yang dapat memuaskan kebutuhan.<br />
Suatu produk dapat berupa suatu benda, jasa dan keinginan lain-lain untuk
melukiskan sesuatu yang dapat memenuhi keinginan. Untuk itu setiap pengusaha
harus mengetahui perkembangan kebutuhan konsumen melalui penelitian pasar agar
dapat mengetahui dan dapat menyesuaikan diri dalam menciptakan produk.<br />
2.Price(harga)<br />
Harga merupakan alat untuk mengukur nilai suatu barang, harga bagi produsen
merupakan penentu bagi permintaan pasar dan mempengaruhi posisi pesaing
perusahaan dalam merebut konsumen.<br />
Harga merupakan indicator dari pada barang, dalam menetapkan harga perlu
hati-hati dalam memperhatikan potensi pasar. Oleh sebab itu, menentukan harga
perlu diperhatikan agar harga yang ditetapkan dapat dijangkau oleh konsumen
disamping itu dapat memberikan keuntungan bagi perusahaan.<br />
3.Place(distribusi/tempat)<br />
Produk yang telah dihasilkan oleh suatu perusahaan akan lebih berguna bagi
kensumen/pembeli apabila produk tersebut tersedia pada tempat dan saat dimana
saja dibutuhkan.<br />
Dalam pencapain tujuan utama dari pemasaran yakni menyalurkan barang-barang
atau jasa.Secara efisien dari produsen ke konsumen, maka diperlukan adanya
kegiatan penyaluran (distribusi) sebagai mata rantai yang harus dilalui oleh
barang-barang dari produsen ke konsumen pada waktu dan jumlah yang tepat.<br />
Barang yang dihasilkan oleh para produsen biasanya tidak secara langsung mereka
menjualnya kepada konsumen, tetapi biasanya mereka melalui suatu perantara agar
produk yang dihasilkan dapat dengan mudah sampai ke tangan konsumen.<br />
Basu swastha ( 1990: 190) memberikan defenisi tentang saluran distribusi
sebagai berikut: Saluran distribusi untuk suatu barang adalah saluran yang
digunakan oleh produsen untuk menyalurkan barang tersebut dari produsen sampai
ketangan konsumen sebagai pemakai. Saluran distribusi yang digunakan adalah
suatu struktur yang menggambarkan alternativ saluran yang dipilih oleh para
produsen seperti: pedagang besar, agen, dan pengencer.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hal ini
produsen mempunyai 3 alternatif yaitu:<br />
a.Distribusi Insentif<br />
<br />
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Distribusi ini dapat digunakan oleh para produsen yang menjual komponen
perusahaan yang berusaha menggunakan penyalur terutama pengecer
sebanyak-banyaknya untuk mendekati para konsumen. Usaha ini dimaksudkan untuk
mempercepat pemenuhan kebutuhan konsumen, semakin cepat para konsumen terpenuhi
kebutuhannya maka semakin cepat pula terpenuhi kepuasannya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
b.Distribusi<span> </span>Selektif<br />
<br />
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Perusahaan yang menggunakan distribusi ini berusaha memilih sejumlah
pedagang besar atau pengecer, agen yang terbatas dalam suatu daerah. Saluran
ini biasanya digunakan untuk memasarkan suatu produk baru (barang special)
apabila distribusi ini menguntungkan dari distribusi insentif maka jumlah
pengecer atau agen yang digunakan akan lebih terbatas.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
c.Distribusi Ekslusif</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
Saluran ini dilakukan oleh perusahaan dan hanya menggunakan suatu pedagang
besar atau pengecer dalam daerah tertentu. Jadi produsen hanya menjual
produknya kepada suatu pedangang besar saja dengan mengunakan satu penyelur,
maka produsen akan lebih mudah dapat mengadakan pengawasan pada tingkat harga
enceran maupun usaha kerja sama dengan penyalur dalam periklanan. Pemilihan
saluran distribusi merupakan suatu masalah yang sangat penting sebab
keterlambatan barang-barang sampai ketangan kosumen dapat menturangi keuntungan
yang diterima oleh perusahaan.<br />
4 . Promotion (promosi)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
Promosi adalah suatu usaha perusahaan atau individu memberikan informasi dan
mempengaruhi serta menarik konsumen sicara lansung terhadap produk yang
dihasilkan.<br />
Promosi adalah cara yang efektif dalam merebut konsumen dipasaran, serta
memperkenalkan barang¬¬¬-barang baru yang diproduksi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 71.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
<br />
</span><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 71.45pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 71.45pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">BAB</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> 17</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 71.45pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">International Operations Management</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 71.45pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 71.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">International Operations Management</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Operations Management: the set of activities
an organization uses to transform different kinds of inputs into final goods
and services</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">International Operations Management: the
transformation-related activities of an international</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 71.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The International Operations Management
Process</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Strategic Context</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 143.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>§<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Differentiation</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 143.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>§<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cost leadership</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 143.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>§<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Focus</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 107.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Standardized vs. Customized</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Production</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 143.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>§<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Acquisition of Resources</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 179.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Supply Chain </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 179.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Management</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 179.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Vertical Integration</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 179.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Make-or-buy decision</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>§<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Location Decisions</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 179.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Country-related issues</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 179.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Product-related issues</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 179.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Government policies</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 179.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Organizational issues</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 143.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>§<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Logistics and</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Materials Management</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 179.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Flow of materials</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 179.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Transportation options</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 179.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Inventory levels</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 179.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Packaging</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 71.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Managing Quality in</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">International Business</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 143.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>§<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Quality: totality of features and
characteristics of a product or service that bear on its ability to satisfy
stated or implied needs</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 179.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">American Society for Quality Control</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>§<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ISO 9000: 2000 </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">International set of quality guidelines</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Basis for quality certification</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">International Organization for Standardization</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Total Quality Management</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 143.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>§<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">TQM: Integrated effort to systematically and
continuously improve the quality of an organization’s products and/or services</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 143.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>§<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Statistical process control: family of mathematically
based tools for monitoring and controlling quality</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 143.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>§<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Benchmarking: process of legally and ethically
studying how other firms do something in a high-quality way and then either
imitating or improving on their methods</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 143.45pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
</div>
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<b><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">BAB18</span></span></b></div>
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</div>
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<b><span class="hps"><u><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Manajemen
Keuangan Internasional</span></u></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>1.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Masalah</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Keuangan</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">dalam Perdagangan</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Internasional</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Mata uang yang</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span class="hps">digunakan
untuk</span> <span class="hps">transaksi</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Kapan dan bagaimana</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span class="hps">untuk
memeriksa kredit</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Bentuk pembayaran</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span class="hps">yang</span>
<span class="hps">digunakan</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span class="hps"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Bagaimana</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span class="hps">untuk mengatur pembiayaan</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>2.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Metode</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pembayaran</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Pembayaran di muka</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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<span><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Buka Akun</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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<span><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">D</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">okumenter koleksi</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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<span><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Letter of credit</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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<span><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">kartu kredit</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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<span><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Countertrade</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>3.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Bentuk</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Konsep</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
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<span><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Penglihatan rancangan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">: mensyaratkan pembayaran
atas pengalihan hak atas barang dari eksportir ke importir</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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<span><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Waktu rancangan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">: meluas</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">kan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;"> kredit kepada importir dengan pembayaran memerlukan beberapa waktu
tertentu</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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<span><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Tanggal rancangan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">: menentukan tanggal
tertentu</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>4.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Menggunakan</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Letter of Credit</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span> </span><span><img border="0" height="359" src="file:///C:/Users/mayang/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.jpg" width="624" /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>5.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Dokumentasi untuk</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Letter of Credit</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ekspor</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span class="hps">lisensi</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sertifikat</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span class="hps">asal</span>
<span class="hps">produk</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span class="hps"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">pemeriksaan</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span class="hps">sertifikat</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>6.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Jenis</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Surat</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Kredit</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Disarankan</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span class="hps">letter
of credit</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Dikonfirmasi</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span class="hps">surat kredit</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Irrevocable</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span class="hps">letter
of credit</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span class="hps"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Dibatalkan</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span class="hps">surat kredit</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>7.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Countertrade</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Terjadi ketika perusahaan menerima sesuatu selain uang sebagai pembayaran
atas barang atau jasa</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">formulir<br />
</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">* </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">barter<br />
</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">* </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Counterpurchase (paralel barter)<br />
</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">* </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Buy-back<br />
</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">* </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Offset pembelian</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>8.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Bursa</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Eksposur</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">
Asing</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">transaksi</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span class="hps">eksposur</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">terjemahan</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span class="hps">eksposur</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span class="hps"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ekonomi</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span class="hps">eksposur</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.75in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>9.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Transaksi Eksposur</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Keuntungan finansial dan biaya dari transaksi internasional dapat
dipengaruhi oleh pergerakan nilai tukar yang terjadi setelah perusahaan secara
hukum berkewajiban untuk menyelesaikan transaksi</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Transaksi</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> :</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">* </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Pembelian barang, jasa, atau aset<br />
</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">* </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Penjualan barang, jasa, atau aset<br />
</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">* </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Perpanjangan kredit<br />
</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">* </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Meminjam uang</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>10.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pilihan untuk</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Menanggapi</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Eksposur</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Transaksi</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">pergi te</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">rbuka</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Membeli mata uang maju</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Beli depan mata</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Beli opsi mata uang</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Memperoleh aset offsetting</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>11.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pergi
Terbuka </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span class="hps"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Manfaat</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> :</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
<span class="hps">Tidak ada</span> <span class="hps">pengeluaran modal</span><br />
<span class="hps">Potensi</span> <span class="hps">capital gain</span> <span class="hps">jika</span> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">nilai </span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">mata uang lokal</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span class="hps">meningkat</span> </span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span class="hps"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Biaya</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> :</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
<span class="hps">Potensi</span> <span class="hps">kerugian modal</span> <span class="hps">jika</span> <span class="hps">mata uang lokal</span> <span class="hps">jatuh</span>
<span class="hps">dalam nilai</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>12.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Beli</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Mata Uang</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span class="hps"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">manfaat</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
<span class="hps">Penghapusan</span> <span class="hps">eksposur</span> <span class="hps">transaksi</span><br />
<span class="hps">Fleksibilitas</span> <span class="hps">dalam ukuran</span> <span class="hps">dan waktu</span> <span class="hps">kontrak</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">biaya<br />
Biaya ke bank<br />
Kehilangan kesempatan untuk mendapatkan modal jika mata uang lokal meningkat
nilai</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>13.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pengelolaan</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Modal Kerja</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span> </span>Sasaran </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Keuangan Perusahaan </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">- </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Meminimalkan modal kerja
saldo<br />
</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">- </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Meminimalkan biaya konversi mata uang<br />
</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">- </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Meminimalkan resiko mata uang asing</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>14.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Mengevaluasi</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Proyek</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Investasi</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Nilai</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span class="hps">Net
Present</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Internal</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span class="hps">Rate of
Return</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span class="hps"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">payback period</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>15.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pendekatan</span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Nilai</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Bersi</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">h</span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Satu dolar yang</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span class="hps">saat
ini bernilai lebih</span> <span class="hps">dari satu dolar</span> <span class="hps">di masa depan</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span class="hps"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Perkirakan</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span class="hps">arus kas</span> <span class="hps">proyek ini akan</span> <span class="hps">menghasilkan dan</span> <span class="hps">kemudian</span> <span class="hps">diskon</span> <span class="hps">mereka kembali ke</span> <span class="hps">masa sekarang</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>16.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Faktor</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span class="hps">lain</span> <span class="hps">untuk</span>
<span class="hps">Pertimbangkan</span> <span class="hps">Ketika Menggunakan</span> <span class="hps">Pendekatan</span> <span class="hps">Net Present Value</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">risiko</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span class="hps">Penyesuaian</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pilihan</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span class="hps">Mata
Uang</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Siapa</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span class="hps">Perspektif</span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">:</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span> </span><span class="hps">Orang
Tua</span> <span class="hps">atau</span> <span class="hps">Project</span>?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 143.45pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">BAB 20</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">International</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Human
Resource Management and Labor Relations</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 143.45pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 143.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 71.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Human Resource Management (HRM)</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>§<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Set of activities directed at attracting,
developing, and maintaining the effective workforce necessary to achieve a
firm’s objective </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>§<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Differences in culture, levels of economic
development, and legal systems among countries may force changes in HRM systems</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 71.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The International Human Resource Management
Process</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>§<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">HRM’s Strategic Content</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>§<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Recruitment and Selection</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>§<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Training and Development</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>§<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Performance Appraisal</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>§<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Compensation and Benefits</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>§<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Labor Relations</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>§<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Contribution to Organizational Effectiveness</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 71.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Phases in Acculturation</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>§<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Honeymoon</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>§<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Disillusionment</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>§<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Adaptation</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span>§<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Biculturalism</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>Mayang Azkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05348747139827237483noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723030961143176262.post-25715519931403983152011-12-22T06:57:00.000-08:002011-12-22T06:59:48.415-08:00Resume BAB 1-6<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">BAB 1</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Globalization</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">What
is Globalization</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> Globalization is The shift towards a
more integrated and interdependent world economy.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">International
Bussines</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 56.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">International Business is all business transactions
that involve two or more countries. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 56.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">International Business comprises a large and growing
portion of the world’s total business. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 56.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">International Business usually takes place within a
more diverse external environment</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 56.7pt;">
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Why
the companies engage in international business?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 49.65pt;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">A) To Expand Sales: companie’s sales are dependent on
two factors: the consumers’ interest </span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> in their
product or services and the consumers’ ability and willingness to buy them. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">B) Acquire Resources: products, services, technology,
and information</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 49.65pt;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">C) Diversify Sources of Sales and Supplies</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 49.65pt;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">D) Minimize Competitive Risk: companies move
internationally for defensive reasons. Profits </span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> from one
market can be used to expand operations in other markets. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Reasons for
Recent International Business Growth</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Expansion of Technology:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">transportation, telecommunications; </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Transportation and telecommunications costs are more
conducive for international operations. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Liberalization of Cross-Border Movements:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">goods, services, labour, Capital</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Development of Supporting Institutional Arrangements:
development by business and governments of institutions that enable us to
effectively apply that technology. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Increase in Global Competition: </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">new products become global; Globalization of
production</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Modes of International Business</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">A - Merchandise <b>Exports and Imports</b>:
visibles and invisibles </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">B - Performance of Services: fees; turnkey
operations; management Contracts</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">C - Use of Assets: licensing agreements;
royalties; franchising </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">D - Investments:</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Evolution of Strategy in the Internationalization
Process</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">A) Patterns of Expansion: passive; external to
internal handling of the business; limited to extensive modes of operations</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">B) Deepening mode of Commitment</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">C) Geographic Diversification (similar cultural
background)</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">D) Leapfrogging of Expansion: companies are starting
with a global foc<b>us. </b></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Emergency
of global institution</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Globalization has created the need for institutions to help
manage, regulate and police the global marketplace</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">GATT</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">WTO</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">IMF</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">World
bank</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">United
Nations</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Global
drivers</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Macro factors that underlie trend towards
greater globalization</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Decline in trade barriers </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Technological change</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Globalization
debate pro</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Lower
prices for goods and services</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Economic
growth stimulation</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Increase
in consumer income</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Creates
jobs</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Countries
specialize in production of goods and services that are produced most
efficiently</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Globalization
debate con</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 49.65pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">¡<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Destroys
manufacturing jobs in wealthy, advanced countries</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 49.65pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">¡<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Wage
rates of unskilled workers in advanced countries declines</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 49.65pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">¡<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Companies
move to countries with fewer labor and environment regulations</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 49.65pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">¡<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Loss
of sovereignty</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">BAB 2</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Legal, Technological, and Political forces</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 71.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Legal System</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Common Law</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Civil Law</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Religious Law</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Bureaucratic Law</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 71.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Laws Affecting
International Business Transaction</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sanction</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Embargo</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Extraterritoriality </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 71.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Laws Directed Against Foreign Firms</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Nationalization</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Expropriation</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Confiscation</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Privatization</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 71.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Arbitration</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Arbitration</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> is the process
by which both parties to a conflict agree to submit their cases to a private
individual or body whose decision they will honor</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 71.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The Technological Environment</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Infrastructure</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Agricultural</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> land</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Resources</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Low-cost</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">labor</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Rich</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">natural</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">resources</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Skilled</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">labor</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 71.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Political Risk Assessment</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ownership</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">risk</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Operating</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">risk</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Transfer</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">risk</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 71.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Levels of Political Risk</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Macropolitical risk</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Micropolitical risk</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Basic Country Knowledge</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Is the country a democracy or dictatorship?</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Does country rely on free market or government
controls?</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Does government view foreign firms as positive
influence?</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Are firm’s customers private or public?</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Does government act arbitrarily?</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Is existing government stable?</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 71.45pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">BAB 3</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 71.45pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The Role of Culture</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 53.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 32.2pt; text-indent: 21.8pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Culture</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Values</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Behaviors</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Beliefs</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Attitudes</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Customs</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Characteristics of Culture</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Learned behavior</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Interrelated elements</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Adaptive</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Shared</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Elements of Culture</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Language</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Communication</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Social Structure </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Religion</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Values/ Attitudes</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Theories of Culture</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Hall’s Low-Context, High-Context Approach</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cultural Cluster Approach</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Hofstede’s Five Dimensions</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 71.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Understanding New Cultures</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Self-reference criterion</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cultural literacy</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 107.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Acculturation</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 71.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 71.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 71.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 71.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 71.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 71.45pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">BAB 4</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 71.45pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">The International Monetary System and <br />
the Balance of Payments</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 71.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 71.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Perdagangan
internasional adalah perdagangan diantara penduduk dua Negara atau lebih.
Meliputi pertukaran barang, jasa, aseets, dan uang diantara satu orang atau
organisasi yang lainnya. Komponen terbesar perdagangan internasional di dunia
dalam bidang perjalanan dan pariwisata sebesar $1,5 trilion per tahun dipegang
oleh eropa.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Negara klasik
berbasis teori perdagangan </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mercantilism</span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kekayaan suatu
negara diukur dengan kepemilikan emas dan perak<br />
Sebuah sasaran negara harus untuk memperbesar kepemilikan emas dan perak
dengan<br />
mempromosikan ekspor<br />
mengecilkan impor</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Contohnya
amerika dengan tekstil produsen<br />
perusahaan baja<br />
gula petani<br />
kacang petani</span></div>
<ol start="2" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Absolute
Advantage ( keunggulan mutlak)</span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Suatu Negara
dikatakan memiliki keunggulan mutlak dari negara lain, karena Negara tersebut
mampu memproduksi barang atau jasa yang tidak dapat diproduksi oleh Negara
lain.</span></div>
<ol start="3" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Comparative
Advantage ( keunggulan komparatif)</span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Suatu Negara
dikatakan mempunyai keunggulan komparatif jika Negara tsb memproduksi barang
atau jasa dengan biaya yang lebih murah dari Negara lain. faktor yang
mempengaruhinya adalah</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1. Perbedaan
kekayaan sumber daya alam<br />
2. Perbedaan efisiensi<br />
3. Perbedaan tingkat teknologi yang digunakan<br />
4. Perbedaan selera<br />
5. Perbedaan sosial, budaya, politik, dan pertahanan keamanan.</span></div>
<ol start="4" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Comparative
Advantage with Money</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Relative
Factor Endowments</span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Faktor
endowment, yaitu kepemilikan faktor-faktor produksi didalam suatu Negara.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Manfaat dan
Dampak Perdagangan Internasional<br />
</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
Manfaat perdagangan internasional:<br />
1. Meningkatkan kualitas konsumsi<br />
2. Mendatangakan devisa bagi negara<br />
3. Terbukanya lapangan kerja<br />
4. Stabilisasi harga-harga<br />
5. Transfer teknologi<br />
Dampak perdagangan internasional bagi Indonesia:<br />
Dampak Positif<br />
1. Berbagai macam kebutuhan barang dan jasa terpenuhi<br />
2. Harga barang semakin murah karena efisiensi dan spesialisasi<br />
3. Devisa negara meningkat<br />
4. Lapangan kerja terbuka<br />
5. Adanya persahabatan dan kerja sama antarnegara<br />
6. Mendorong kegiatan ekonomi<br />
Dampak Negatif<br />
1. Produk dalam negeri menurun karena kurang disukai masyarakat.<br />
2. Ketergantungan terhadap negara-negara maju.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Cara
Pembayaran Internasional<br />
</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
Dalam perdagangan internasional pembayaran dilakukan dengan menggunakan valuta
asing atau devisa.<br />
Devisa adalah semua barang yang dapat digunakan sebagai alat pembayaran internasional
dan dapat diterima di dunia internasional.<br />
Valuta asing adalah mata uang asing yang dipakai sebagai alat pembayaran luar
negeri.<br />
Kurs valuta asing adalah perbandingan nilai mata uang asing terhadap mata uang
dalam negeri.<br />
Macam-macam kurs valuta asing:<br />
1. Kurs beli, yaitu kurs yang diberlakukan oleh bank apabila bank membeli mata
uang asing.<br />
2. Kurs jual, yaitu kurs yang diberlakukan oleh bank apabila bank menjual mata
uang asing.<br />
3. Kurs tengah, yaitu kurs rata-rata antara kurs beli dan kurs jual.<br />
Alat pembayaran dalam perdagangan internasional dapat berupa : emas dan perak,
valuta asing, dan wesel asing.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hambatan
Perdagangan Internasional<br />
</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
Perdagangan Internasional dapat berjalan dengan lancar apabila negara-negara
yang terlibat dalam perdagangan bisa bebas mengekspor atau mengimpor barang
sesuai dengan keinginan. Adanya hambatan mengakibatkan kegiatan ekspor-impor
terganggu.<br />
Hambatan-hambatan perdagangan internasional itu antara lain:<br />
1. Kuota<br />
2. Larangan impor<br />
3. Tarif<br />
4. Subsidi<br />
5. Embargo ekonomi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 71.45pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 71.45pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">BAB 5</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">INTERNATIONAL STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 38.25pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">1.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">International Strategic Management</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 38.25pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 38.25pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Comprehensive and
ongoing management planning process aimed at formulating and implementing strategies
that enable a firm to compete effectively internationally</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">2.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">Fundamental Questions</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">What products and/or services does the
firm intend to sell?</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Where and how will it make those
products or services?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Where and how will it sell them?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Where and how will it acquire the
necessary resources?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">How does it expect to outperform its competitors</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">3.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">Factors Affecting International
Strategic Management</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Language</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Culture</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Politics</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Economy</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Governmental interference</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Labor</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Labor relations</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Financing</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Market research</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Advertising</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Money</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Transportation/ communication </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Control</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Contracts</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">4.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">Sources of Competitive Advantage
for International Businesses<br />
<br />
</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Global
efficiencies</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Multinational
flexibility</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Worldwide
learning</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 38.25pt;">
<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">5.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">Strategic Alternatives</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><img height="283" src="file:///C:/Users/mayang/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.gif" width="546" /></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">6.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">Components of Int’l Strategy</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Distinctive
competence</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Scope of
operations</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Resource
deployment</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Synergy</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">7.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">Steps in International Strategy
Formulation</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><img height="287" src="file:///C:/Users/mayang/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.gif" width="493" /></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">8.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">The Value Chain</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><img height="211" src="file:///C:/Users/mayang/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.jpg" width="480" /></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">9.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">Levels of International Strategy</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Corporate
Strategy</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Business Strategy</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Functional
Strategy</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">10.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">Corporate Strategy<br />
</span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">- Single-Business Strategy</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Related
Diversification</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Unrelated
Diversification</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">11.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">Business Strategy</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Differentiation</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 56.25pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Overall Cost
Leadership</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 56.25pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Focus</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">12.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Functional
Strategy</span></b></div>
<ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Financial</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Marketing</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Operating</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Human Resource</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">R&D</span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">•<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 71.45pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 71.45pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">
<b><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">BAB 6</span></span></b></div>
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<b><span class="hps"><u><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sistem</span></u></span><span class="shorttext"><u><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></u></span><span class="hps"><u><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Moneter Internasional dan</span></u></span><span class="shorttext"><u><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></u></span><span class="hps"><u><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Neraca Pembayaran</span></u></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Standar</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Emas</span></span><span class="hps"><b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></u></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Negara sepakat untuk membeli atau menjual mata uang kertas mereka dalam
pertukaran untuk emas atas permintaan dari setiap individu atau perusahaan dan
untuk memungkinkan ekspor bebas dari emas batangan dan koin</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Diadopsi oleh U.K. pada tahun 1821</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Dibuat kurs tetap</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Nilai Tukar</span></span><span class="hps"><b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></u></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Kurs: Harga mata uang satu dalam hal mata uang kedua<br />
Sistem pertukaran </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">tingkat bunga tetap: harga mata uang yang diberikan tidak berubah relatif
terhadap setiap mata uang lain<br />
Di bawah standar emas, masing-masing negara mematok nilai mata uangnya dengan
emas</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Runtuhnya Standard</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> Emas</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Ekonomi tekanan Perang Dunia I<br />
Negara ditangguhkan janji untuk membeli atau menjual emas dengan nilai nominal
mata uang '</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Readopted standar emas pada tahun 1920</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Menurun selama Depresi Besar</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Pound Inggris diizinkan untuk mengambang pada tahun 1931<br />
Float: nilai yang ditentukan oleh penawaran dan permintaan</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">4.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Bank Internasional</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span class="hps">untuk Rekonstruksi</span> <span class="hps">dan Pembangunan</span></span><span class="hps"><b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></u></b></span></div>
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</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Bank Dunia</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Tujuan 1: untuk membantu rekonstruksi keuangan ekonomi Eropa<br />
Dicapai dalam pertengahan 1950-an</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Tujuan 2: untuk membangun perekonomian negara-negara di dunia berkembang</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Organisasi</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Kelompok Bank</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Dunia</span></span><span class="hps"><b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></u></b></span></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><img height="335" src="file:///C:/Users/mayang/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image008.gif" width="624" /></span></u></b><span class="hps"><b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></u></b></span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">6.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Keanggotaan</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">di IMF</span></span><span class="hps"><b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></u></b></span></div>
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</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Terbuka bagi setiap negara bersedia untuk menyetujui aturan dan peraturan</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">184 negara anggota sebagai Agustus 2003</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Keanggotaan membutuhkan pembayaran kuota</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">7.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Relevansi</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Kuota</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">IMF</span></span><span class="hps"><b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></u></b></span></div>
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</span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Kuota</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span class="hps">ukuran</span>
<span class="hps">mencerminkan</span> <span class="hps">kepentingan global</span> <span class="hps">ekonomi</span> <span class="hps">negara dan</span> <span class="hps">pertimbangan
politik</span><br />
<span class="hps">kuota</span></span><b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></u></b></div>
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</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">menentukan</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span class="hps">hak suara</span><br />
<span class="hps">berfungsi sebagai</span> <span class="hps">bagian dari</span> <span class="hps">cadangan</span> <span class="hps">resmi</span><br />
<span class="hps">menentukan</span> <span class="hps">kekuatan meminjam</span> <span class="hps">negara</span></span><span class="hps"><b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></u></b></span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">8.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Akhir</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Bretton Woods</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sistem</span></span><span class="hps"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></span></div>
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</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Rentan terhadap spekulatif "berjalan pada bank"</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">US $ menjadi satu-satunya sumber likuiditas yang diperlukan untuk
memperluas perdagangan internasional</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Triffin Paradoks:<br />
asing meningkatkan kepemilikan dolar<br />
Peningkatan kepemilikan penurunan iman dalam kemampuan U.S<br />
Peningkatan permintaan untuk dolar penebusan untuk emas</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">IMF diciptakan special drawing rights (SDR) - emas kertas</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Bretton Woods sistem berakhir 15 Agustus 1971</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">9.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Sistem</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Moneter Internasional</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">sejak tahun 1971</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Pengembangan sistem nilai tukar mengambang<br />
Pasokan dan permintaan untuk mata uang menentukan harga di pasar dunia<br />
Dikelola mengambang - bank sentral dapat mempengaruhi pasokan dan permintaan</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Dilegitimasi dalam tahun 1976 dengan Perjanjian Jamaika</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">10.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Uni</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Eropa</span></span><span class="hps"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></span></div>
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</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Sistem fleksibel diyakini akan menghambat kemampuan untuk menciptakan
ekonomi terpadu</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Dibuat Sistem Moneter Eropa untuk mengelola hubungan mata uang</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Peserta ERM mempertahankan kurs tetap diantara mata uang mereka</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Difasilitasi penciptaan dan adopsi dari Euro</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">11.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Internasional</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Krisis</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Utang</span></span><span class="hps"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></span></div>
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</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">OPEC empat kali lipat harga minyak dunia<br />
Mengakibatkan tekanan inflasi di negara pengimpor minyak<br />
Nilai tukar disesuaikan</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Transfer kekayaan</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Negara meminjam lebih dari yang mereka bisa membalas</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">krisis pendekatan<br />
</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">* </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Rencana Baker (1985)<br />
</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">* </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Rencana Brady (1989)</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">12.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Neraca</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pembayaran</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">BOP) </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sistem</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Akuntansi</span></span><span class="hps"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Sistem pembukuan double entry<br />
Mengukur dan mencatat semua transaksi ekonomi antara penduduk satu negara dan penduduk
dari semua negara-negara lain selama periode waktu tertentu</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Memberikan pemahaman tentang kinerja perekonomian setiap negara di pasar
internasional</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Sinyal perubahan mendasar dalam daya saing negara</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Membantu pembuat kebijakan dalam merancang kebijakan publik yang tepat</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">13.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">BOP</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Statistik</span></span><span class="hps"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Mengidentifikasi pasar negara berkembang</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Peringatkan kebijakan baru mungkin</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Tunjukkan penurunan valuta asing suatu negara cadangan</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Sinyal meningkat keberisikoan pinjaman ke negara-negara tertentu</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">14.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Aspek</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sistem</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Akuntansi</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">BOP</span></span><span class="hps"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Catatan transaksi internasional dilakukan dalam beberapa periode waktu<br />
Hanya catatan transaksi ekonomi</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Catatan transaksi antara penduduk suatu negara dan semua negara lainnya</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Warga meliputi individu, bisnis, instansi pemerintah, organisasi nirlaba</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Menggunakan sistem double-entry</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">15.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Saldo</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Transaksi Berjalan</span></span><span class="hps"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Neraca perdagangan barang<br />
Perbedaan antara ekspor suatu negara dan impor barang</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Neraca perdagangan jasa<br />
Perbedaan antara ekspor suatu negara jasa dan impor jasa<br />
Saat saldo rekening</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Mengukur neraca bersih yang dihasilkan dari perdagangan barang, perdagangan
jasa, pendapatan investasi, dan transfer unilateral</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>Mayang Azkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05348747139827237483noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723030961143176262.post-42421165142925834812011-11-24T07:40:00.001-08:002011-11-24T07:42:17.230-08:00KUIS 8<div style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>1.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud dengan Internasional
Business Management!</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>2.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>Jelaskan tingkatan strategi manajemen!</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>3.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>Jelaskan jenis-jenis pilihan strategi!</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>4.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>Jelaskan Bretton Woods!</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>5.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>Jelaskan IMF dan tujuannya!</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>6.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>Jelaskan krisis ekonomi Eropa terhadap bisnis
internasional!</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>7.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud dengan bisnis
internasional dan bentuk-bentuknya</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Jawaban</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>1.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>Menganalisa lingkungan untuk memenangkan
pesaiangan antara dua Negara atau lebih.</b></div>
<div style="color: #b45f06;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="color: #b45f06; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>2.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>– Corporate strategy</b></div>
<div style="color: #b45f06; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>Business strategy</b></div>
<div style="color: #b45f06; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>Functional strategy</b></div>
<div style="color: #b45f06; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="color: #b45f06; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>3.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>– home replication strategy</b></div>
<div style="color: #b45f06; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>Multidomestik strategi</b></div>
<div style="color: #b45f06; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>Strategi global</b></div>
<div style="color: #b45f06; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>Strategi transnasional</b></div>
<div style="color: #b45f06; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="color: #b45f06; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>4.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>Menciptakan lingungan ekonomi pasca perang untuk
mempromosikan perdamaian dan kemakmuran untuk seluruh dunia, dengan memperbaharui
berbasis dollar. Dan dibuatkan Bank Internasional untuk reskontruksi dan
pembangunan dan Dana Moneter Internasional.</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="color: #b45f06; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>5.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>IMF : International Monitary Fund</b></div>
<div style="color: #b45f06; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<b>Tujuan : menstrabilkan perekenomian global</b></div>
<div style="color: #b45f06; text-align: justify;">
</div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>6.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>Krisis Eropa menyebabkan nilai tukar Euro melemah,
lalu permintaan impor akan menurun seiring dengan meningkatnya inflasi yang
terjadi di Eropa. Negara yang mengalami krisis antara lain yaitu, Itali dan
Yunani. Hal ini menyebabkan daya beli masyarakatpun menurun. Ini akan berimbas kepada Negara-negara yang
menjadikan Eropa sebagai tujuan dari ekspor suatu Negara. Tentunya pendapatan Negara
terwsebutpun akan ikut menurun ataupun berkurang, seperti dalam bisnis internasional.
Khususnya di Indonesia itu sangatlah berpengaruh terhadap laju perekonomian,
karena 63% perusahaan yang ada yaitu perusahaan asing. Apabila mereka mengalami
inflasi yang kian meninggi perusahaan asing akan menjual dan uang dibawa ke
negaranya masing-masing.</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="color: #b45f06; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>7.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>Bisnis internasional : Seluruh aktivitas
transaksi bisnis yang melibatkan dua Negara atau lebih.</b></div>
<div style="color: #b45f06; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>Mayang Azkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05348747139827237483noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723030961143176262.post-23510040059231209092011-11-17T21:57:00.001-08:002011-11-17T21:57:55.854-08:00KUIS 7<div style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
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<b><span><span>1.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span>Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud dengan Internasional
strategi manajemen!</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span><span>2.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span>Sebutrkan pilihan-pilihan strategi dalam bisnis
internasional manajemen!</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span><span>3.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span>Jelaskan tahap-tahap membuat manajemen strategi
dan jelaskan singkatan IMF dan tujuannya!</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span><span>4.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span>Sebutkan teori-teori perdagangan internasional!</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span><span>5.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span>Sebutkan teori-teori investasi1</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span><span>6.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span>Apa yang dimaksud dengan internasional bisnis!</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span><span>1.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span>Menganalisa lingkungan untuk memenangkan
pesaiangan antara dua Negara atau lebih.</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span><span>2.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span>– home replication strategy</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span>Multidomestik strategi</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span>Strategi global</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span>Strategi transnasional</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span><span>3.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span>* mengembangkan misi</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span>·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Melakukan analisis <span> </span>SWOT</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span>·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Mengembangkan taktis</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span>·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Tujuan dan perencanaan</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span>·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Mengembangkan kerangka pengendalian</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 0.75in;">
<b>IMF : International Monitary Fund</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 0.75in;">
<b>Tujuan : menstrabilkan perekenomian global</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span><span>4.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span>Teori perdagangan Modern</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<b>Teori perdagangan klasik</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span><span>–<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span> </span>merkantilisme</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span>Absolute adventage</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span>Absolute adventage with<span> </span>money</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span>Relative factor endowments</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span><span>5.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span>–owneship adventage</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span>Internalization</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span><span>-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span>Dunning electric theory</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span><span>6.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span>Seluruh aktivitas transaksi bisnis yang
melibatkan dua Negara atau lebih.</b></div>Mayang Azkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05348747139827237483noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723030961143176262.post-37618175468575436112011-11-17T21:27:00.001-08:002011-11-17T21:56:56.123-08:00KUIS 6<div style="color: #a64d79;">
<b><m:smallfrac m:val="off">
<m:dispdef>
<m:lmargin m:val="0">
<m:rmargin m:val="0">
<m:defjc m:val="centerGroup">
<m:wrapindent m:val="1440">
<m:intlim m:val="subSup">
<m:narylim m:val="undOvr">
</m:narylim></m:intlim>
</m:wrapindent>
</m:defjc></m:rmargin></m:lmargin></m:dispdef></m:smallfrac></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: #a64d79; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Sebutkan kepanjangan dari IMF dan fungsinya!</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Jelaskan BOP!</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud Manajemen Strategi
Internasional</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud alternative strategi
dalam Manajemen Strategi Internasional!</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud perdangan
internasional!</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>6.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Sebutkan teori-terori perdangan internasional!</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>7.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Sebutkan bentuk-bentuk investasi!</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>8.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Sebutkan unsur-unsur budaya!</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>9.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Sebutkan 3 teori tentang budaya!</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>10.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Sebutkan 4 sistem hokum!</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>11.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud internasional binis
dan bentuk-bentuknya!</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>International Monitary Fund</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>BOP ; mengukur dan mencatat semua transaksi
ekenomi antara Negara dan penduduk daei semua Negara-negara. Dan berkaitan dengan
kinerja.</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Untuk menganalisa lingkungan dalam memenangkan
persaingan antar dua Negara atau lebih.</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>– Strategi tradisional</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Strategi global</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>MNC</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Transaksi jual beli yang melibatkan dua Negara atau
lebih.</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>6.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>– merkantilisme</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Absolute adventage</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Absolute adventage with money</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Relative factor endowments</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>7.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>–owneship adventage</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Internalization</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Dunning electric theory</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>8.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>– stuktur social</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Nilai</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Bahasa</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Behaviors</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Komunikasi</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Kasta</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Kekeluargaan</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>9.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span> low contect</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>High contect</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Culture cluster approach</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>10.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>– common low</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Civil law</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Religious law</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Beaucrative law</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>11.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Seluruh aktivitas transaksi bisnis yang
melibatkan dua Negara atau lebih.</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Ekspor impor</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Investasi</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #a64d79; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Performance of service</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: #a64d79; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Use of assets</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #a64d79;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="color: #a64d79;">
</div>Mayang Azkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05348747139827237483noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723030961143176262.post-42195218973820105332011-10-20T07:34:00.000-07:002011-10-20T07:34:04.494-07:005.10. Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud dengan bentuk-bentuk kegiatan bisnis internasional!<ul style="color: #351c75; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Ekspor dan impor</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Investasi</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Performance of service</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Use of assets</b></span></li>
</ul>Mayang Azkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05348747139827237483noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723030961143176262.post-62307856186404626012011-10-20T07:32:00.000-07:002011-10-20T07:32:16.868-07:005.9. Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud dengan internasional bisnis!<div style="color: #351c75; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Seluruh aktivitas transaksi bisnis yang melibatkan antara dua negara ataupun lebih.</span></b></div>
<div style="color: #351c75; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Contoh : ekspor dan impor</span></b></div>Mayang Azkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05348747139827237483noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723030961143176262.post-19954066152217312372011-10-20T07:29:00.000-07:002011-10-20T07:30:00.196-07:005.8. Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud dengan globalisasi dan dua kompenennya!<div style="color: #351c75; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Globalisasi merupakan aktivitas-aktivitas ekonomi antar negara, negara-negara tersebut saling berintregasi.</span></b></div>
<div style="color: #351c75; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Globalisasi :</span></b></div>
<ul style="color: #351c75; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<li><b><span style="font-size: large;">Market</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: large;">Produksi </span></b></li>
</ul>Mayang Azkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05348747139827237483noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723030961143176262.post-42604383402327552732011-10-20T07:27:00.000-07:002011-10-20T07:27:42.015-07:005.7. Sebutkan empat sistem hukum!<ul style="color: #351c75; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Civil Law</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Common Law</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Religius Law</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Beaucrative Law</b></span></li>
</ul>Mayang Azkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05348747139827237483noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723030961143176262.post-56840146752084388902011-10-20T07:25:00.000-07:002011-10-20T07:25:33.956-07:005.6. Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud dengan teori budaya!<div style="color: #351c75; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Teori budaya merupakan sesuatu yang saling berhubungan dan bisa saling menyesuaikan.</span></b></div>Mayang Azkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05348747139827237483noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723030961143176262.post-8969941850422232032011-10-20T07:22:00.000-07:002011-10-20T07:22:51.323-07:005.5. Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud dengan komponen dari budaya!<ul style="color: #351c75; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<li><b><span style="font-size: large;">Struktur sosial</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: large;">Nilai</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: large;">Bahasa</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: large;">Behaviors</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: large;">Komunikasi</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: large;">Individu</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: large;">Kekeluargaan</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: large;">Strata sosial</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: large;">Kasta</span></b></li>
</ul>Mayang Azkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05348747139827237483noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723030961143176262.post-89314618759901302342011-10-20T07:20:00.000-07:002011-10-20T07:20:43.779-07:005.4. Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud dengan teori investasi!<ul style="color: #351c75; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><ul>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Ownership adventage</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Internationalitation</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Dunning's electric</b></span></li>
</ul>
</ul>Mayang Azkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05348747139827237483noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723030961143176262.post-83372850395381070022011-10-20T07:17:00.000-07:002011-10-20T07:17:46.095-07:005.3. Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud dengan home based!<ul style="color: #351c75; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<li><b><span style="font-size: large;">Product Life Cycle</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: large;">Global Strategic</span></b></li>
</ul>Mayang Azkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05348747139827237483noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723030961143176262.post-24451572599708342522011-10-20T07:15:00.000-07:002011-10-20T07:15:25.687-07:005.2. Sebutkan teori-teori klasik tentang perdagangan!<ul>
<li style="color: #351c75; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Merkantilesme</span></b></li>
<li style="color: #351c75; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Absolute adventage</span></b></li>
<li style="color: #351c75; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Comparative adventage</span></b></li>
<li style="color: #351c75; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Comparative adventage with money</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; font-size: large;">Relative factor endowments</span></b></li>
</ul>Mayang Azkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05348747139827237483noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723030961143176262.post-91737028163200133522011-10-20T07:10:00.000-07:002011-10-20T07:10:09.603-07:005.1. Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud dengan perdagangan internasional!<span style="color: #351c75; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; font-size: large;">Transaksi jual beli antara dua negara ataupun lebih.</span>Mayang Azkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05348747139827237483noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723030961143176262.post-11047585105684883322011-10-13T09:04:00.000-07:002011-10-13T09:04:26.132-07:00TEORI PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL<h2 style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<br /></h2>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<strong>I. </strong><strong>TEORI KLASIK</strong></div>
<ul class="unIndentedList" style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<li> Absolute Advantage dari Adam Smith</li>
</ul>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Teori Absolute Advantage lebih
mendasarkan pada besaran/variabel riil bukan moneter sehingga sering
dikenal dengan nama teori murni (pure theory) perdagangan internasional.
Murni dalam arti bahwa teori ini memusatkan perhatiannya pada variabel
riil seperti misalnya nilai suatu barang diukur dengan banyaknya tenaga
kerja yang dipergunakan untuk menghasilkan barang. Makin banyak tenaga
kerja yang digunakan akan makin tinggi nilai barang tersebut (Labor
Theory of value )</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<span id="more-316"></span></div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Teori absolute advantage Adam Smith yang
sederhana menggunakan teori nilai tenaga kerja, Teori nilai kerja ini
bersifat sangat sederhana sebab menggunakan anggapan bahwa tenaga kerja
itu sifatnya homogeny serta merupakan satu-satunya factor produksi.
Dalam kenyataannya tenaga kerja itu tidak homogen, factor produksi tidak
hanya satu dan mobilitas tenaga kerja tidak bebas. dapat dijelaskan
dengan contoh sebagai berikut: Misalnya hanya ada 2 negara, Amerika dan
Inggris memiliki faktor produksi tenaga kerja yang homogen menghasilkan
dua barang yakni gandum dan pakaian. Untuk menghasilkan 1 unit gandum
dan pakaian Amerika membutuhkan 8 unit tenaga kerja dan 4 unit tenaga
kerja. Di Inggris setiap unit gandum dan pakaian masing-masing
membutuhkan tenaga kerja sebanyak 10 unit dan 2 unit.</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Banyaknya Tenaga Kerja yang Diperlukan untuk Menghasilkan per Unit</div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" valign="top" width="177">Produksi</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" valign="top" width="177">Amerika</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" valign="top" width="176">Inggris</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" valign="top" width="177">Gandum</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" valign="top" width="177">8</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" valign="top" width="176">10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" valign="top" width="177">Pakaian</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" valign="top" width="177">4</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" valign="top" width="176">2</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Dari tabel diatas nampak bahwa Amerika
lebih efisien dalam memproduksi gandum sedang Inggris dalam produksi
pakaian. 1 unit gandum diperlukan 10 unit tenaga kerja di Inggris sedang
di Amerika hanya 8 unit. (10 > 8 ). 1 unit pakaian di Amerika
memerlukan 4 unit tenaga kerja sedang di Inggris hanya 2 unit. Keadaan
demikian ini dapat dikatakan bahwa Amerika memiliki absolute advantage
pada produksi gandum dan Inggris memiliki absolute advantage pada
produksi pakaian. Dikatakan absolute advantage karena masing-masing
negara dapat menghasilkan satu macam barang dengan biaya yang secara
absolut lebih rendah dari negara lain.</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Kelebihan dari teori Absolute advantage
yaitu terjadinya perdagangan bebas antara dua negara yang saling
memiliki keunggulan absolut yang berbeda, dimana terjadi interaksi
ekspor dan impor hal ini meningkatkan kemakmuran negara. Kelemahannya
yaitu apabila hanya satu negara yang memiliki keunggulan absolut maka
perdagangan internasional tidak akan terjadi karena tidak ada
keuntungan.</div>
<ul class="unIndentedList" style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<li> Comparative Advantage : JS Mill</li>
</ul>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Teori ini menyatakan bahwa suatu Negara
akan menghasilkan dan kemudian mengekspor suatu barang yang memiliki
comparative advantage terbesar dan mengimpor barang yang dimiliki
comparative diadvantage(suatu barang yang dapat dihasilkan dengan lebih
murah dan mengimpor barang yang kalau dihasilkan sendiri memakan ongkos
yang besar )</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Teori ini menyatakan bahwa nilai suatu
barang ditentukan oleh banyaknya tenaga kerja yang dicurahkan untuk
memproduksi barang tersebut. Contoh :</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Produksi 10 orang dalam 1 minggu</div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<tbody>
<tr align="center">
<td valign="top" width="181">Produksi</td>
<td valign="top" width="188">Amerika</td>
<td valign="top" width="188">Inggris</td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td valign="top" width="181">Gandum</td>
<td valign="top" width="188">6 bakul</td>
<td valign="top" width="188">2 bakul</td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td style="text-align: center;" valign="top" width="181">Pakaian</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" valign="top" width="188">10 yard</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" valign="top" width="188">6 yard</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Menurut teori ini perdagangan antara
Amerika dengan Inggris tidak akan timbul karena absolute advantage untuk
produksi gandum dan pakaian ada pada Amerika semua. Tetapi yang penting
bukan absolute advantagenya tetapi comparative Advantagenya.</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Besarnya comparative advantage untuk
Amerika , dalam produksi gandum 6 bakul disbanding 2 bakul dari Inggris
atau =3 : 1. Dalam produksi pakaian 10 yard dibanding 6 yard dari
Inggris atau 5/3 : 1. Disini Amerika memiliki comparative advantage pada
produksi gandum yakni 3 : 1 lebih besar dari 5/3 : 1.</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Untuk Inggris, dalam produksi gandum 2
bakul disbanding 6 bakul dari Amerika atau 1/3 : 1. Dalam produksi
pakaian 6 yard dari Amerika Serikat atau = 3/5: 1. Comparative advantage
ada pada produksi pakaian yakni 3/5 : 1 lebih besar dari 1/3 : 1. Oleh
karena itu perdagangan akan timbul antara Amerika dengan Inggris, dengan
spesialisasi gandum untuk Amerika dan menukarkan sebagian gandumnya
dengan pakaian dari Inggris. Dasar nilai pertukaran (term of Trade )
ditentukan dengan batas - batas nilai tujar masing - masing barang
didalam negeri.</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Kelebihan untuk teori comparative
advantage ini adalah dapat menerangkan berapa nilai tukar dan berapa
keuntungan karena pertukaran dimana kedua hal ini tidak dapat
diterangkan oleh teori absolute advantage.</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<strong>II. COMPARATIVE COST DARI DAVID RICARDO</strong></div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
1. Cost Comparative Advantage ( Labor efficiency )</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Menurut teori cost comparative advantage
(labor efficiency), suatu Negara akan memperoleh manfaat dari
perdagangan internasional jika melakukan spesialisasi produksi dan
mengekspor barang dimana Negara tersebut dapat berproduksi relative
lebih efisien serta mengimpor barang di mana negara tersebut berproduksi
relative kurang/tidak efisien. Berdasarkan contoh hipotesis dibawah ini
maka dapat dikatakan bahwa teori comparative advantage dari David
Ricardo adalah cost comparative advantage.</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Data Hipotesis Cost Comparative</div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" valign="top" width="179"><strong>Negara Produksi</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: center;" valign="top" width="182"><strong>1 Kg gula</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: center;" valign="top" width="182"><strong>1 m Kain</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" valign="top" width="179">Indonesia</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" valign="top" width="182">3 hari kerja</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" valign="top" width="182">4 hari kerja</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" valign="top" width="179">China</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" valign="top" width="182">6 hari kerja</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" valign="top" width="182">5 hari kerja</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Indonesia memiliki keunggulan absolute
dibanding Cina untuk kedua produk diatas, maka tetap dapat terjadi
perdagangan internasional yang menguntungkan kedua Negara melalui
spesialisasi jika Negara-negara tersebut memiliki cost comparative
advantage atau labor efficiency.</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Berdasarkan perbandingan Cost
Comparative advantage efficiency, dapat dilihat bahwa tenaga kerja
Indonesia lebih effisien dibandingkan tenaga kerja Cina dalam produksi 1
Kg gula ( atau hari kerja ) daripada produksi 1 meter kain ( hari
bkerja) hal ini akan mendorong Indonesia melakukan spesialisasi produksi
dan ekspor gula.</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Sebaliknya tenaga kerja Cina ternyata
lebih effisien dibandingkan tenaga kerja Indonesia dalam produksi 1 m
kain ( hari kerja ) daripada produksi 1 Kg gula ( hari kerja) hal ini
mendorong cina melakukan spesialisasi produksi dan ekspor kain.</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
2. Production Comperative Advantage ( Labor produktifiti)</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Suatu Negara akan memperoleh manfaat
dari perdagangan internasional jika melakukan spesialisasi produksi dan
mengekspor barang dimana negara tersebut dapat berproduksi relatif lebih
produktif serta mengimpor barang dimana negara tersebut berproduksi
relatif kurang / tidak produktif</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Walaupun Indonesia memiliki keunggulan
absolut dibandingkan cina untuk kedua produk, sebetulnya perdagangan
internasional akan tetap dapat terjadi dan menguntungkan keduanya
melalui spesialisasi di masing-masing negara yang memiliki labor
productivity. kelemahan teori klasik Comparative Advantage tidak dapat
menjelaskan mengapa terdapat perbedaan fungsi produksi antara 2 negara.
Sedangkan kelebihannya adalah perdagangan internasional antara dua
negara tetap dapat terjadi walaupun hanya 1 negara yang memiliki
keunggulan absolut asalkan masing-masing dari negara tersebut memiliki
perbedaan dalam cost Comparative Advantage atau production Comparative
Advantage.</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Teori ini mencoba melihat kuntungan atau kerugian dalam perbandingan relatif. Teori ini berlandaskan pada asumsi:</div>
<ol style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<li>Labor Theory of Value, yaitu bahwa nilai suatu barang ditentukan
oleh jumlah tenaga kerja yang dipergunakan untuk menghasilkan barang
tersebut, dimana nilai barang yang ditukar seimbang dengan jumlah tenaga
kerja yang dipergunakan untuk memproduksinya.</li>
<li>Perdagangna internasional dilihat sebagai pertukaran barang dengan barang.</li>
<li>Tidak diperhitungkannya biaya dari pengangkutan dan lain-lain dalam hal pemasaran</li>
<li>Produksi dijalankan dengan biaya tetap, hal ini berarti skala produksi tidak berpengaruh.<br />
Faktor produksi sama sekali tidak mobile antar negara. Oleh karena itu ,
suatu negara akan melakukan spesialisasi dalam produksi barang-barang
dan mengekspornya bilamana negara tersebut mempunyai keuntungan dan akan
mengimpor barang-barang yang dibutuhkan jika mempunyai kerugian dalam
memproduksi.</li>
</ol>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Paham klasik dapat menerangkan
comparative advantage yang diperoleh dari perdagangan luar negeri timbul
sebagai akibat dari perbedaan harga relatif ataupun tenaga kerja dari
barang-barang tersebut yang diperdagangkan.</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<strong>III. TEORI MODERN</strong></div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Teori Heckscher-Ohlin (H-O) menjelaskan
beberapa pola perdagangan dengan baik, negara-negara cenderung untuk
mengekspor barang-barang yang menggunakan faktor produksi yang relatif
melimpah secara intensif</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Menurut Heckscher-Ohlin, suatu negara
akan melakukan perdagangan dengan negara lain disebabkan negara tersebut
memiliki keunggulan komparatif yaitu keunggulan dalam teknologi dan
keunggulan faktor produksi. Basis dari keunggulan komparatif adalah:<br />
1. Faktor endowment, yaitu kepemilikan faktor-faktor produksi didalam suatu negara.<br />
2. Faktor intensity, yaitu teksnologi yang digunakan didalam proses produksi, apakah labor intensity atau capital intensity.</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
A. The Proportional Factors Theory</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Teori modern Heckescher-ohlin atau teori
H-O menggunakan dua kurva pertama adalah kurva isocost yaitu kurva yang
menggabarkan total biaya produksi yang sama. Dan kurva isoquant yaitu
kurva yang menggabarkan total kuantitas produk yang sama. Menurut teori
ekonomi mikro kurva isocost akan bersinggungan dengan kurva isoquant
pada suatu titik optimal. Jadi dengan biaya tertentu akan diperoleh
produk yang maksimal atau dengan biaya minimal akan diperoleh sejumlah
produk tertentu.</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Analisis teori H-O :</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
a. Harga atau biaya produksi suatu
barang akan ditentukan oleh jumlah atau proporsi faktor produksi yang
dimiliki masing-masing Negara</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
b. Comparative Advantage dari suatu
jenis produk yang dimiliki masing-masing negara akan ditentukan oleh
struktur dan proporsi faktor produksi yang dimilkinya.</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
c. Masing-masing negara akan
cenderung melakukan spesialisasi produksi dan mengekspor barang tertentu
karena negara tersebut memilki faktor produksi yang relatif banyak dan
murah untuk memproduksinya</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
d. Sebaliknya masing-masing negara
akan mengimpor barang-barang tertentu karena negara tersebut memilki
faktor produksi yang relatif sedikit dan mahal untuk memproduksinya<br />
Kelemahan dari teori H-O yaitu jika jumlah atau proporsi faktor produksi
yang dimiliki masing-masing negara relatif sama maka harga barang yang
sejenis akan sama pula sehingga perdagangan internasional tidak akan
terjadi.</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
B. Paradoks Leontief</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Wassily Leontief seorang pelopor utama
dalam analisis input-output matriks, melalui study empiris yang
dilakukannya pada tahun 1953 menemukan fakta, fakta itu mengenai
struktur perdagangan luar negri (ekspor dan impor). Amerika serikat
tahun 1947 yang bertentangan dengan teori H-O sehingga disebut sebagai
paradoks leontief</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Berdasarkan penelitian lebiih lanjut
yang dilakukan ahli ekonomi perdagangan ternyata paradox liontief
tersebut dapat terjadi karena empat sebab utama yaitu :</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
a. Intensitas faktor produksi yang berkebalikan</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
b. Tariff and Non tariff barrier</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
c. Pebedaan dalam skill dan human capital</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
d. Perbedaan dalam faktor sumberdaya alam</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Kelebihan dari teori ini adalah jika
suatu negara memiliki banyak tenaga kerja terdidik maka ekspornya akan
lebih banyak. Sebaliknya jika suatu negara kurang memiliki tenaga kerja
terdidik maka ekspornya akan lebih sedikit.</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
C. Teori Opportunity Cost</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Opportunity Cost digambarkan sebagai
production possibility curve ( PPC ) yang menunjukkan kemungkinan
kombinasi output yang dihasilkan suatu Negara dengan sejumlah faktor
produksi secara full employment. Dalam hal ini bentuk PPC akan
tergantung pada asusmsi tentang Opportunity Cost yang digunakan yaitu
PPC Constant cost dan PPC increasing cost</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
D. Offer Curve/Reciprocal Demand (OC/RD)</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Teori Offer Curve ini diperkenalkan oleh
dua ekonom inggris yaitu Marshall dan Edgeworth yang menggambarkan
sebagai kurva yang menunjukkan kesediaan suatu Negara untuk
menawarkan/menukarkan suatu barang dengan barang lainnya pada berbagai
kemungkinan harga.</div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Kelebihan dari offer curve yaitu
masing-masing Negara akan memperoleh manfaat dari perdagangan
internasional yaitu mencapai tingkat kepuasan yang lebih tinggi.<br />
Permintaan dan penawaran pada faktor produksi akan menentukan harga
factor produksi tersebut dan dengan pengaruh teknologi akan menentukan
harga suatu produk. Pada akhirnya semua itu akan bermuara kepada
penentuan comparative advantage dan pola perdagangan (trade pattern)
suatu negara. Kualitas sumber daya manusia dan teknologi adalah dua
faktor yang senantiasa diperlukan untuk dapat bersaing di pasar
internasional. Teori perdagangan yang baik untuk diterapkan adalah teori
modern yaitu teori Offer Curve.</div>Mayang Azkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05348747139827237483noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723030961143176262.post-1952189789274950262011-10-13T08:53:00.000-07:002011-10-13T08:53:59.352-07:004.4. Sebutkan sistem hukum yang ada di dunia!<ul style="color: #741b47; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<li><b><span style="font-size: large;">Civil Law</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: large;">Common Law</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: large;">Religius Law</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: large;">Beaucrative Law</span></b></li>
</ul>Mayang Azkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05348747139827237483noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723030961143176262.post-52145081201303764982011-10-13T08:51:00.000-07:002011-10-13T08:51:51.422-07:004.3. Sebutkan dua komponen Globalisasi!<ul>
<li style="color: #741b47; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Globalisasi Market</b></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #741b47; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; font-size: large;"><b>Globalisasi Produksi </b></span></li>
</ul>
<br />Mayang Azkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05348747139827237483noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723030961143176262.post-2820473095271734862011-10-13T08:45:00.000-07:002011-10-13T08:46:22.399-07:004.1. Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud dengan Internasional Bisnis!<b><span style="color: #741b47; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; font-size: large;">Internasional Bisnis adalah seluruh transaksi bisnis yang melibatkan minimal dua negara ataupun lebih.</span></b>Mayang Azkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05348747139827237483noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723030961143176262.post-50183561863017181062011-10-13T08:06:00.001-07:002011-10-13T08:07:31.344-07:003.6.Pointer kunjungan lapangan!<span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";"></span>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";">PT
Indofood : - Berfoto</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";"> -<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";">Birokrasi
dan prosedur begitu ketat</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";">Peti
Kemas : Terdapat tiga ukuran kontrainer yaitu ; - 2o
fit berukuran 6m</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 315pt; text-indent: 4.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";"> -<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";"> 40 fit berukuran 12m</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 315pt; text-indent: 4.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";"> -<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";"> Jumbo
apabila ada penambahan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";">BKPPMD :
UU No.25 Kepres Bidang Usaha Manufaktur, Trading, Multisektor.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";"> Produksi dijual ada pengawasan dari pihak
LKPM.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";">Forwarding :
Baik in dividu ataupun perusahaan dapat melakukan ekspor barang. Tetapi
apabila individu yang melakukan ekspor
barang, barang yang bias dikirim hanya yang bersifat pribadi saja.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";"> Syarat Dokumen Individu : -
Packing List</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 3in; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";"> - Invoice</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 3in; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";"> - NPWP</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";"> -
KTP/PASPOR</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";">Syarat Dokumen
Perusahaan : - SIUP</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.75in; text-indent: 139.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";"> -<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";">NPWP</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.75in; text-indent: 139.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";"> -<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";">TDP</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.75in; text-indent: 139.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";"> -<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";">Packing
List</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.75in; text-indent: 139.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";"> -<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";">Invoice</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 279pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";"> -<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";">Izin dari departemen sesuai dengan jenis barang
yang diekspor</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";"> Bank BRI : - Mendapatkan formulir Letter of Credit</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";">Syarat Importir :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 2.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";">Memiliki
API, APIS, APIT yang masih berlaku</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 2.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";">Memiliki
Nomor Pengenal Importir Khusus (NPIK)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 2.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";">Memperoleh
pengakuan dari Deperindag RI</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 2.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";">Dikenal
bonafide dan bereputasi baik</span></div>Mayang Azkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05348747139827237483noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723030961143176262.post-21569271479757123052011-10-13T07:34:00.000-07:002011-10-13T07:34:56.151-07:003.5. Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud dengan manajemen strategi!<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";">Manajemen
<span> </span>strategi adalah menganalisa lingkungan untuk
memenangkan persaingan. Contoh : PT Indofood <span> </span>telah menduduki peringkat terus menerus
sebagai Top Brand yang menggunakan Strategi Kunci 3A yaitu; Acceptability,
Availability, Affordability.</span></div>Mayang Azkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05348747139827237483noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723030961143176262.post-79967883998070367652011-10-13T07:27:00.000-07:002011-10-13T07:27:02.742-07:003.4. Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud dengan manajemen!<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";">Manajemen<span> </span>adalah bekerja dengan dan melalui orang lain
menggunakan fungsi <i>POAC. </i>Contoh :
suatu perusahaan menjalankan tugas-tugas dan tanggung jawab setiap karyawannya
sesuai dengan departemen-departemennya masing-masing.</span></div>Mayang Azkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05348747139827237483noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723030961143176262.post-9903172265930672372011-10-13T07:20:00.000-07:002011-10-13T07:20:48.439-07:003.3. Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud dengan lingkungan bisnis!<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";">Internal
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<span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span></span><span></span>- operating(production)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";"><span>-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
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<span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";"><span>-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
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<span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";"><span>-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";">Tekhnologi</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";"><span>-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif";">Hukum</span><span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro H","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">- Geografi</span></div>Mayang Azkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05348747139827237483noreply@blogger.com0